spiramycin การใช้

• The four products concerned are Spiramycin, Virginiamycin, Tysolin phosphate and Batritracin Zinc.
• Spiramycin is a 16-membered ring macrolide.
• This macrolide was discovered at around the same time as its relatives erythromycin and spiramycin.
• If the parasite has not yet reached the fetus, spiramycin can help to prevent placental transmission.
• Spiramycin may be used safely without undue risk of teratogenicity and may reduce the rate of transmission to the fetus.
• "' Spiramycin "'is a macrolide antibiotic and antiparasitic It is used to treat toxoplasmosis and various other infections of soft tissues.
• Resistance to spiramycin can develop by several mechanisms and its prevalence is to a considerable extent proportional to the frequency of prescription in a given area.
• If infected during pregnancy, spiramycin is recommended in the first and early second trimesters while pyrimethamine / sulfadiazine and leucovorin is recommended in the late second and third trimesters.
• The use of Virginiamycin, Spiramycin, Bacitracin Zinc and Tylosin phosphate in animal feed accounts for 15 percent of the total use of antibiotics in the 15-member EU.
• This difference between the effectiveness in vitro and in vivo is explained above all by the great affinity of spiramycin to tissues where it achieves concentrations many times higher than serum levels.
• The use of Virginiamycin, Spiramycin, Bacitracin Zinc and Tylosin phosphate in animal feed accounts for 15 % of the total use of antibiotics in the 15-member E . U.
• Spiramycin has been used in Europe since the year 2000 under the trade name " Rovamycine ", produced by Rhone-Poulenc Rorer and Famar Lyon, France and Eczacibasi Ilae, Turkey.
• ""'Streptomyces albofaciens " "'is a bacterium species from the genus of " Streptomyces " which produces oxytetracycline, spiramycin, albopeptin A, albopeptin B and alpomycin.
• Although used in Europe, Canada and Mexico, spiramycin is still considered an experimental drug in the United States, but can sometimes be obtained by special permission from the FDA for toxoplasmosis in the first trimester of pregnancy.
• Virginiamycin is manufactured by Pfizer Inc . of the United States; Spiramycin is manufactured by Rhone-Poulenc SA of France; Bacitracin Zinc is made by Alpharma AS of Norway; and Tylosin phosphate is made by Elanco of the United States, a unit of Eli Lilly and Co.
• Virginiamycin is manufactured by Pfizer Inc . of the United States; Spiramycin is manufactured by Rhone-Poulenc SA of France; Bacitracin Zinc is made by Alpharma AS of Norway; and Tylosin phosphate is made by Elanco of the United States, a unit of Eli Lilly & Co.
• In 1974, Desmonts and Couvreur showed that infection during the first two trimesters produces most harm to the fetus, that transmission depended on when mothers were infected during pregnancy, that mothers with antibodies before pregnancy did not transmit the infection to the fetus, and that spiramycin lowered the transmission to the fetus.
• Bacitracin Zinc, made by Alpharma AS of Norway; Spiramycin, made by Rhone-Poulenc SA of France; Virginiamycin, made by Pfizer Inc . of the United States; and Tylosin phosphate, made by Elanco of the United States, a unit of U . S .-based Eli Lilly and Co.
• Bacitracin Zinc ( made by Alpharma AS of Norway ); Spiramycin ( made by Rhone-Poulenc SA of France ); Virginiamycin ( made by Pfizer Inc . of the United States ) and Tylosin phosphate ( made by Elanco of the United States, a unit of Eli Lilly & Co, also of the United States ).