supersedure การใช้

• Supersedure is highly valued as a behavioral trait by beekeepers.
• Supersedure may be forced by a beekeeper, for example by clipping off one of the queen's middle or posterior legs.
• If workers sense that an old queen is weakening, they produce emergency cells ( known as supersedure cells ) made from cells with eggs or young larvae and which protrude from the comb.
• They then pursue one of two ways to replace the queen : "'supersedure "', replacing or superseding the queen without swarming, or "'swarm cell production "', dividing the hive into two colonies through swarming.
• Colonies in northern climates are more seriously affected than colonies in the south because of the increased amount of time bees are confined in the hive . " Nosema ", if left untreated, can cause queen supersedure, winter kills, reduced honey yields, and dwindling populations.