syncytiotrophoblast การใช้

• The fusion lineage yields syncytiotrophoblast and the invasive lineage yields interstitial cytotrophoblast cells.
• The placenta is composed on two cell layers : cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast layer.
• The formation of syncytiotrophoblast from cytotrophoblast is a terminal differentiation step of trophoblastic cells.
• Cell adhesion molecules are degraded by syncytiotrophoblast secretion of Tumor necrosis factor-alpha.
• Therefore, cytotrophoblast proliferation is necessary for growth and maintenance of the syncytiotrophoblast layer.
• The name syncytin derives from its involvement in the formation of syncytium, the multinucleated syncytiotrophoblast protoplasm.
• Preparation of highly purified cytotrophoblast from human placenta with subsequent modulation to form syncytiotrophoblast in monolayer cultures.
• As the syncytiotrophoblast starts to penetrate the uterine wall, the inner cell mass ( embryoblast ) also develops.
• There is a two-to three-fold increase in the expression of syncytiotrophoblast glucose transporters with advancing gestation.
• At the end of the second week of development, some cells of the trophoblast penetrate and form rounded columns into the syncytiotrophoblast.
• Both proteins were localized in the cytoplasm of the syncytiotrophoblast in the chorionic villi and in endometrial decidual cells at the uteroplacental interface.
• By decreasing the translation of these gene products, the syncytiotrophoblast reduces the chances of an attack by the maternal immune system mediated by T-cells.
• An undifferentiated cytotrophoblastic stem cell will differentiate into a villous cytotrophoblast, which is what constitutes primary chorionic villi, and will eventually coalesce into villous syncytiotrophoblast.
• Though PSGs are abundant in the bloodstream a larger concentration is also found in the placenta, because PSGs are synthesized in the syncytiotrophoblast cells located in the placenta.
• HFE is prominent in small intestinal absorptive cells, gastric epithelial cells, tissue macrophages, and blood monocytes and granulocytes, and the syncytiotrophoblast, an iron transport tissue in the placenta.
• At days 11 to 12, there is further delineation of the trophoblastic cells giving rise to a layer of loosely arranged cells that inserts between Heuser s membrane and both syncytiotrophoblast and cytotrophoblast.
• The syncytiotrophoblast layer is the necessary interface between the developing embryo and the maternal blood supply, allowing nutrient and waste exchange and blocking maternal immune cell invasion, preventing immune rejection of the foetus.
• Pregnancy-specific beta-1-glycoprotein is a major product of the syncytiotrophoblast in the placenta, reaching concentrations of 100 to 290 mg / L at term in the serum of pregnant women.
• The trophoblast is made up of an internal layer of cubical or prismatic cells, the cytotrophoblast or layer of Langhans, and an external layer of richly nucleated protoplasm devoid of cell boundaries, the syncytiotrophoblast.
• Normally the maternal circulation and the fetal circulation are kept from direct contact with each other, with gas and nutrient exchange taking place across a membrane in the placenta made of two layers, the syncytiotrophoblast and the cytotrophoblast.