voluntaristic การใช้

• Parsons established action theory in order to integrate the study of social order with the structural and voluntaristic aspects of macro and micro factors.
• The former perceives society as based on presumed natural order, the latter as stemming from contractual and voluntaristic principles embodied in a constitution.
• :" As commonly understood by gratifications researchers, the term " audience activity " postulates a voluntaristic and selective orientation by audiences toward the communication process.
• But the voluntaristic spirit in this community is strong, and people rallied, holding a new fund-raiser and opening a new AIDS group home in 1993.
• Among Jug's direct disciples were the famous novelist Vladimir Bartol and Zorko Jelin
  i
  , one of the co-founders of the voluntaristic world view.
• During this period, Bu
  ar insisted on providing a sound legal basis for Slovenia's independence from Yugoslavia, and rejected all voluntaristic political actions, gaining a label of legalist.
• INGOs have five basic world-cultural principles underlying between ideologies and structures, that is, universalism, individualism, rational voluntaristic authority, human purposes of rationalizing progress, and world citizenship.
• In short, Lindesmith's reliance on Herbert Blumer's voluntaristic understanding of meaning and interpretation profoundly undermined his capacity to theorize addiction as a loss of self-control, or as something suffered rather than chosen ( Weinberg 1997 ).
• It argued the necessity for an action theory to be based on a voluntaristic foundation, claiming both a sheer positivistic-utilitarian approach as well as a sheer " idealistic " approach would not satisfy the necessary prerequisites, proposing an alternative, systemic general theory.
• Their work heavily influenced Parsons'view, and was the foundation for his social action theory, in which he viewed voluntaristic action through the lens of the cultural values and social structures that constrain choices and ultimately determine all social actions, as opposed to actions that are determined based on internal psychological processes.
• Instead of confining his analysis of social relations and change to voluntaristic agency or strictly in terms of class as a structural relation, Bourdieu uses the agency-structure bridging concept of " field " : any historical, non-homogeneous social-spatial arena in which people maneuver and struggle in pursuit of desirable resources.
• The program does not " determine " the game ( which actual outcome would depend on the input of the player, that was what Parsons in a sense called the voluntaristic aspect of action ) but it " determined " the logical parameter of the game, which lies implicit in the game's concrete design and rules.
• Instead of confining his analysis of social relations and change to voluntaristic agency or strictly in terms of the structural concept of class, Bourdieu uses the agency-structure bridging concept of " field " : any historical, non-homogeneous social-spatial arena in which people maneuver and struggle in pursuit of desirable resources.
• The impressive scope of the book owes to the fact that Ahmed is very deliberately a wide-ranging, interdisciplinary scholar "-he questions whether there is " a clear and feasible notion of systematicity " that is " applied methodologically to the resolution of the identified crises . " King says that " Ahmed s proposed solutions to global, systemic crises remain, in fact, largely unarticulated in systematic terms " and amount largely to " voluntaristic, wishful-thinking ."
• According to Harold S . Bender and several of his colleagues, the Anabaptists were " voluntaristic in religious choice, advocates of a church completely free from state influence, biblical literalists, non-participants in any government activity to avoid moral compromise, suffering servant disciples of Jesus who emphasized moral living and who were persecuted and martyred as Jesus had been, and restitutionists who tried to restore pre-Constantinian Christian primitivism " . " ( Note : Schwertler Anabaptists, such as Balthasar Hubmaier, were not against participation in any government activity, but even encouraged involvement in government . )"