windthrow การใช้

• Red spruce can be easily damaged by windthrow and acid rain.
• :: You seem to be referring to windthrow.
• Windthrow can also increase following logging, especially in young forests managed specifically for timber.
• Salvage logging after windthrow is also common.
• When high winds knock down or uproot trees, the process is known as windthrow.
• As well as light other factors to be considered are wind to avoid windthrow, fire risk.
• Commonly they are a product of windthrow, but they can also be caused by other factors.
• Removal of attractive material, such as logs with bark, weakened trees, and windthrow, may help prevent outbreaks.
• In spring 2007, the eastern part of the archaeological site was damaged by a windthrow and the subsequent cleanup operation.
• Typical disturbances colonized by paper birch are wildfire, avalanche, or windthrow areas where the wind has blown down all trees.
• The church's roof was damaged by windthrow in 1818; it was eventually closed from 1828 to 1830 for repairs.
• In the northeast, where fire was infrequent and periodic windthrow represented the main source of disturbance, beech-maple forests dominated.
• An early thinning would encourage trees to get wider crowns, increase diameter and be more stable against threats like snow breakage or windthrow.
• E . g . a tree seed of a pioneer species in a dense forest might wait until a light gap forms from windthrow.
• It is a phenomenon or process by which an disturbance of a community, such as from a fire, severe windthrow, or logging.
• It can also be done on very exposed sites where breaking the canopy through a traditional thinning operation would expose the stand to a high risk of windthrow.
• It reduces both volume and height growth as well as eventually killing the trees and causing them to be more susceptible to windthrow and other diseases and insects.
• Additionally, the gap created in the forest canopy when windthrow occurs yields an increase in light, moisture, and nutrient availability in near proximity to the disturbance.
• The trees will grow more vigorously but fungi that cause rot will also thrive, there is likely to be an increase in windthrow, and fire risk may rise.
• The role of windthrow in maintaining diversification of the bryophyte flora in boreal spruce forests has been described by Jonsson et al . ( 1990 ) and Jonsson and Dynesius ( 1993 ).