abducens การใช้

• Most commonly, the abducens nerve ( sixth nerve ) is involved.
• In addition there are inhibitory vestibular pathways to the ipsilateral abducens nucleus.
• Damage to the abducens nerve ( VI ) can also result in diplopia.
• Motor axons leaving the abducens nucleus run ventrally and caudally through the pons.
• The unilateral abducens nerve palsy is the most common of the isolated ocular motor nerve palsies.
• Moebius syndrome is a congenital neurological disorder with bilateral paralysis of both the facial and abducens nerves.
• This is due to impairment in the lateral rectus muscle, which is innervated by the abducens nerve.
• Lateral expansion of a pituitary adenoma can also compress the abducens nerve, causing a lateral rectus palsy.
• The 39th edition of " Gray s Anatomy " ( 2005 ) also prefers  abducens nerve . 
• The long course of the abducens nerve between the brainstem and the eye makes it vulnerable to injury at many levels.
• Lesions of the abducens nucleus and the MLF produce observable sixth nerve problems, most notably internuclear ophthalmoplegia ( INO ).
• Iatrogenic injury is also known to occur, with the abducens nerve being the most commonly injured cranial nerve in halo orthosis placement.
• Output from the interpositus nucleus includes projections to the red nucleus, and the red nucleus sends projections to the facial and abducens nuclei.
• From this junction, CN VI ( abducens nerve ), CN VII ( facial nerve ) and CN VIII ( vestibulocochlear nerve ) emerge.
• In Moebius-like syndrome, only one side of the face is affected, but with additional nerve palsies of the affected facial and abducens nerve.
• Disturbance of Nkx 2.9 and Nkx 2.2 in mouse embryos results in the total loss of the abducens motor nerves are not disrupted.
• Damage to the abducens " nucleus " does not produce an isolated sixth nerve palsy, but rather a horizontal gaze palsy that affects both eyes simultaneously.
• The United States National Library of Medicine uses  abducens nerve in its Medical Subject Heading ( MeSH ) vocabulary to index the vast MEDLINE and PubMed biomedical databases.
• The nuclei of the trigeminal nerve ( V ), abducens nerve ( VI ), facial nerve ( VII ) and vestibulocochlear nerve ( VIII ) are located in the pons.
• Because increased intracranial pressure can cause both papilledema and a sixth ( abducens ) nerve palsy, papilledema can be differentiated from papillitis if esotropia and loss of abduction are also present.