adaxially การใช้

• They are usually rounded adaxially, i . e . towards their upper-side, but are sometimes low-keeled.
• The seeds themselves are 3-3.5 ?2.5 3 mm, brown, adaxially striate; caruncle absent.
• Their large and multiple pinnate fronds, with the petiole raised adaxially, and the hairs on the rhizome and lower part of the petioles, also resemble those of tree ferns.
• The middle pinna is 420 mm long and 25-30 mm wide at the middle; apical pinna 165 mm long and 50 mm wide at the middle, lobed; veins scarcely prominent adaxially.
• Branchlets slightly pendent, slender, together with petioles and leaf blades golden axils of lateral veins, adaxially green and glabrous to glabrescent, base narrowed or obtuse, apex acuminate; lateral veins in 5-7 pairs, inconspicuous.
• The forward lobe of the rhachis ( M1 ) is a bit shorter and wider than the middle lobe ( M2 ) and separated from it by a furrow ( F1 ) which is directed outward and slightly backward from the dorsal furrow, and then curved strongly forward adaxially.
• The flowers have five white ( rarely somewhat pink, yellow, or streaked with red ), linear to orbiculate petals, 2.6 25 mm long, with the petals in one species ( " A . nantucketensis " ) often andropetalous ( bearing apical microsporangia adaxially ).
• The mil ( 2 2.2 mm ) broad; flat; flexible; rounded or slightly notched at their apices ( tips ); dark to glaucous green adaxially ( above ); often having a small patch of stomata near their apices; and having 2 silvery white stomatal bands abaxially ( on their undersides ).
• "stamens united by filaments in an adaxially open tube; anthers alternately long and basifixed, short and versatile; anther connective inconspicuous; septa present between seeds in pods; aril lateral lobe present and fitting into heel of funicle; fine red glandular processes present in axils; and pollen tricolporate with opercula and no definite endoaperture ."
• The pinnae are opposite to subopposite, ( 11 ) 13 20 on a side, spreading, ovate-oblong to linear-oblong, apex acuminate, lowermost pinnae the largest, 20 33 ?11 19 cm, with 11 16 pairs of pinnules, slightly inequilateral, basiscopic basal pinnules 7 10.5 cm long, acroscopic basal pinnules shorter, 4 8.5 cm long, lowermost pinnules usually the largest, distal pinnae stalked 3 6 mm becoming sessile, apices pinnatifid; largest ultimate pinnules 12 19 ?4 8 mm, spaced 5 10 mm distant, obtuse to truncate at apices, margins crenate or cut ca . 1 / 4  2 / 3 toward costule, adaxially glabrous, abaxially glabrous except for scattered small, spreading, brown linear scales on rachises; veins forking 1 2 times, scarcely visible to visible on both surfaces, depressed adaxially and prominulous abaxially; each fertile pinnule usually with 1 4 pairs of inframedial sori.
• The pinnae are opposite to subopposite, ( 11 ) 13 20 on a side, spreading, ovate-oblong to linear-oblong, apex acuminate, lowermost pinnae the largest, 20 33 ?11 19 cm, with 11 16 pairs of pinnules, slightly inequilateral, basiscopic basal pinnules 7 10.5 cm long, acroscopic basal pinnules shorter, 4 8.5 cm long, lowermost pinnules usually the largest, distal pinnae stalked 3 6 mm becoming sessile, apices pinnatifid; largest ultimate pinnules 12 19 ?4 8 mm, spaced 5 10 mm distant, obtuse to truncate at apices, margins crenate or cut ca . 1 / 4  2 / 3 toward costule, adaxially glabrous, abaxially glabrous except for scattered small, spreading, brown linear scales on rachises; veins forking 1 2 times, scarcely visible to visible on both surfaces, depressed adaxially and prominulous abaxially; each fertile pinnule usually with 1 4 pairs of inframedial sori.
• Fronds are clustered, 5 7 per rhizome, erect-arching; stipes ( 35 ) 49 75 cm long, 4 6 mm in diameter medially, about as long as the blades, adaxially grooved, reddish brown to stramineous, entire length clothed in dense, persistent, spreading, lustrous, light to dark brown or reddish brown, linear-oblong to linear-lanceolate twisted scales to ca . 20 ?3 mm, margins entire or subentire and fringed with shortstipitate glands, bases darkened at point of attachment, mixed with smaller bristlelike and hairlike scales, surfaces bearing short, gland-tipped hairs, scales progressively smaller and finer distally and on rachis, stipes of older fronds punctate with dark scale bases; blades thickly chartaceous, dark above green when fresh, paler beneath, 50 100 ?32 66 cm, ovate-deltate, 3-pinnate to 3-pinnate-pinnatifid at least in lower half, distally mostly 2-pinnate-pinnatifid; rachises stramineous to light brown, densely scaly with persistent medium to dark brown, spreading bristlelike scales to 9 ?1 mm, margins entire or with sparse sessile glands, mixed with short glandular hairs, rachises of older fronds punctuate with dark brown scale bases.