aplacophora การใช้

• The "'Heloplacidae "'are a group of plated aplacophora known from Silurian deposits.
• The class is often combined with Solenogastres and termed Aplacophora, but some studies have cast doubt on the monophyly of this group.
• "' Aplacophora "'is a monophyletic group of small, deep-water, exclusively benthic, marine valves.
• In contrast to all other molluscan classes, the Aplacophora have no shell, and are instead covered by spicules ), which can be solid or hollow.
• The "'Solenogastres "'( less often referred to as "'Neomeniomorpha "'), common name the solenogasters, are one subclass of small, worm-like, shell-less molluscs ( Aplacophora ), the other subclass being the Caudofoveata ( Chaetodermomorpha ).
• The shell-less aplacophora have a chitinous cuticle that has been likened to the shell framework; it has been suggested that tanning of this cuticle, in conjunction with the expression of additional proteins, could have set the evolutionary stage for the secretion of a calcareous shell in an aplacophoran-like ancestral mollusc.