diphenoxylate การใช้

• The medication diphenoxylate works by slowing down the movement of the intestines.
• Diphenoxylate is anti-diarrheal and atropine is anticholinergic.
• Its active ingredients are diphenoxylate and atropine.
• Diphenoxylate itself crosses the blood brain barrier.
• It is the principal metabolite of diphenoxylate.
• Loperamide is often compared to diphenoxylate.
• Antidiarrheal drugs ( such as diphenoxylate or loperamide ) may prolong the infection and should not be used.
• In doses used for the treatment of diarrhea, whether acute or chronic, diphenoxylate has not produced addiction.
• Because of this, diphenoxylate is manufactured and marketed as a combination drug with atropine ( Lomotil, Pfizer ) as an abuse deterrent.
• The diphenoxylate / loperamide subfamily of gastrointestinal drugs works directly on opioid receptors, which can be found in the intestine, brain, and spinal cord.
• The closest chemical and structural relatives of piritramide in clinical use include the diphenoxylate family, fentanyl ( both Janssen discoveries ) and somewhat more distantly alphaprodine.
• 4-Phenylpiperidine is the base structure for a variety of opioids, such as pethidine ( meperidine ), ketobemidone, alvimopan, loperamide, and diphenoxylate.
• The other commonly encountered opioid combination is the anti-diarrhoeal, non-analgesic mixture of diphenoxylate and atropine, Co-phenotrope ( a . k . a.
• The CNS penetration of diphenoxylate makes it an agent that can cause euphoria and other psychoactive effects, which could over time lead to habituation and dependency on the drug in the user.
• Long-term intermittent " prn " users should contact their physician if the need for it arises more than was usual at the outset of therapy as tolerance to diphenoxylate can occur.
• Atropine is sometimes added to potentially addictive drugs, particularly anti-diarrhea opioid drugs such as diphenoxylate or difenoxin, wherein the secretion-reducing effects of the atropine can also aid the anti-diarrhea effects.
• In the United States, difenoxin and atropine tablets are Schedule IV and therefore federally controlled and require a prescription, loperamide is unscheduled and not on prescription, and diphenoxylic acid is classified as a form of diphenoxylate.
• Manufacturing unit at Thane produces Active Pharmaceuticals Ingredients ( also called as Bulk Drugs ) and is ISO 9001 certified and has Therapeutic Goods Administration ( TGA ), Australia, and approval for 3 of its major products namely Diphenoxylate Hydrochloride, Haloperidol and Propanthelene Bromide.
• A number of prescription drugs are commonly abused, including fentanyl ( Duragesic ), hydrocodone ( Vicodin ), oxycodone ( OxyContin ), oxymorphone ( Opana ), propoxyphene ( Darvon ), hydromorphone ( Dilaudid ), meperidine ( Demerol ), and diphenoxylate ( Lomotil ).
• While therapeutic doses of phenyltoloxamine can generate mild to moderate euphoria as can many of its close chemical relatives, much higher doses have a side effect profile similar to that of atropine, which is also used in this fashion for tablets of diphenoxylate and morphine for oral administration.