disvalue การใช้

• She assumes that reliability in itself has no value or disvalue, but Goldman and Olsson disagree.
• But that negative preference utilitarianism would say that extinction would be better ( in theory ), assuming that premise, should not count substantially against the theory, because for any view on population ethics that assigns disvalue to something, one can imagine future scenarios such that extinction would be better according to the given view.
• These will include direct costs ( where money actually changes hands, e . g . health service use, patient co-payments and out of pocket expenses ), indirect costs ( the value of lost productivity from time off work due to illness ), and intangible costs ( the'disvalue'to an individual of pain and suffering ) . ( Note specific definitions in health economics may vary slightly from other branches of economics .)