galanin การใช้

• Galanin signaling occurs through three G protein-coupled receptors.
• GALR2 interacts with the N-terminal residues of the galanin peptide.
• Galanin is predominantly an inhibitory, hyperpolarizing neuropeptide and as such inhibits neurotransmitter release.
• Galanin receptors can be found throughout the peripheral and central nervous systems and the endocrine system.
• Galanin is an important neuromodulator present in the brain, gastrointestinal system, and hypothalamopituitary axis.
• A small number of HSD2 neurons ( less than 2 % ) may express the neuropeptide galanin.
• Galanin receptors are expressed in the central nervous system, in the pancreas, and on solid tumours.
• A majority of VLPO neurons are GABAergic and galaninergic, primarily secreting the inhibitory neurotransmitters GABA and galanin respectively.
• The galanin family of protein consists of four proteins, of which GAL was the first to be identified.
• The neuropeptide galanin elicits a range of biological effects by interaction with specific G-protein-coupled receptors.
• Galanin receptors are seven-trans membrane proteins shown to activate a variety of intracellular second-messenger pathways.
• Leibowitz said researchers injected a chemical called galanin into the brains of rats and that it caused them to overeat.
• General Ivan Galanin who distinguished himself during the Battle of Stalingrad became the first recipient of the Order 1st class.
• This demonstrates that it is essential to study the effects of galanin and other regulatory peptides in their autologous species.
• It acts as a selective non-peptide GAL-1, which is usually activated by the neuropeptide galanin.
• The human galanin receptors are G protein-coupled receptors that functionally couple to their intracellular effector through distinct signaling pathways.
• The location of the receptor and the combination of receptors that are inhibited or stimulated heavily affect the outcome of galanin signalling.
• In particular, the researchers found that animals with high levels of triglycerides are likely to produce appetite-stimulating substances called galanin and orexin.
• The functional role of galanin remains largely unknown; however, galanin is predominately involved in the modulation and inhibition of action potentials in neurons.
• The functional role of galanin remains largely unknown; however, galanin is predominately involved in the modulation and inhibition of action potentials in neurons.