hmga การใช้

• HMGA expression is almost undetectable in differentiated adult tissues but is elevated in many cancers.
• HMGA expression is almost undetectable in differentiated adult tissues, but is elevated in many cancers.
• HMGA proteins are polypeptides of ~ 100 amino acid residues characterized by a modular sequence organization.
• HMGA proteins contain three AT-hooks, although some proteins contain as many as 30.
• HMGA proteins are chromatin architectural transcription factors that both positively and negatively regulate the transcription of a variety of genes.
• HMGA proteins ( HMGA1a, HMGA1b and HMGA2 ) are implicated in cancer, and expression of these proteins is regulated by microRNAs.
• HMGA proteins are characterized by three DNA-binding domains, called AT-hooks, and an acidic carboxy-terminal tail.
• MicroRNAs control the expression of HMGA proteins, and these proteins ( HMGA1 and HMGA2 ) are architectural chromatin transcription-controlling elements.
• Consistent with the down-regulation of these HMGA-targeting miRNAs, an increase in the HMGA1 and HMGA2-specific mRNAs was observed.
• The splice variant HMGA1c with only two AT hooks and no acidic tail is in discussion to be a real member of the HMGA family.
• However, each of these HMGA-targeting miRNAs are drastically reduced in almost all human pituitary adenomas studied, when compared with the normal pituitary gland.
• High mobility group A ( HMGA ) proteins, characterized by an AT-hook, are small, nonhistone, chromatin-associated proteins that can modulate transcription.
• HMGA1 proteins are quite small ( ~ 10-12 kDa ) and basic molecules, and consist of three AT-hooks with the RGRP ( Arg-Gly-Arg-Pro ) core HMG family comprising HMGA, HMGB and HMGN proteins.