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homoplasy การใช้

ประโยคมือถือ
  • The homoplasy index ( HI ) is simply 1 & minus; CI.
  • Analogy is called homoplasy in cladistics, and convergent or parallel evolution in evolutionary biology.
  • Real phylogenetic data include substantial homoplasy, with different parts of the data suggesting sometimes very different relationships.
  • A well-known example of homoplasy due to convergent evolution would be the character, " presence of wings ".
  • Sungsu Kim has recently responded to this objection by pointing to the important distinction between homology of brain structures and homoplasy.
  • The shorthand for describing this is that " parsimony minimizes assumed homoplasies, it does not assume that homoplasy is minimal ."
  • Maximum compatibility also uses characters, with the objective of finding the tree on which the maximum number of characters evolve without homoplasy.
  • A homoplasy is a character state that is shared by two or more taxa due to some cause " other " than common ancestry.
  • The feet of ducks and platypuses are a good example of homoplasy, while the hands of humans and chimps are a good example of homology.
  • Those who still support " Miracinonyx " being related to cheetahs question the strength of the molecular data, suggesting evidence of molecular homoplasy.
  • Incorporation, relative homoplasy, and effect of gap cracters in sequence-basedphylogenetic analyses . " Systematic Biology " 50 : 454 462.
  • Parsimony is often characterized as implicitly adopting the position that evolutionary change is rare, or that homoplasy ( convergence and reversal ) is minimal in evolution.
  • When considered character-by character, conflict between character and a tree due to reticulation cannot be told from conflict due either to homoplasy or error.
  • With low homoplasy the weighted methods generally produced the more accurate results but inappropriate weighting could make these worse than MP or GA under moderate or high homoplasy levels.
  • With low homoplasy the weighted methods generally produced the more accurate results but inappropriate weighting could make these worse than MP or GA under moderate or high homoplasy levels.
  • However, a recent study suggests that resemblance to fossil notostracans is probably a result of the " highly conserved general morphology in this group and of homoplasy ".
  • The consistency index ( CI ) measures the consistency of a tree to a set of data  a measure of the minimum amount of homoplasy implied by the tree.
  • The CSIs that are restricted to a particular clade or group of species, generally provide good convergent or parallel evolution ( i . e . homoplasy ) or synapomorphy.
  • Of course, the only reason a homoplasy is recognizable in the first place is because there are other characters that imply a pattern of relationships that reveal its homoplastic distribution.
  • However, the phenomena of convergent evolution, parallel evolution, and evolutionary reversals ( collectively termed " homoplasy " ) add an unpleasant wrinkle to the problem of estimating phylogeny.
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