macronucleus การใช้

• This process is guided by long RNAs derived from the parental macronucleus.
• The macronucleus provides the nuclear RNA for vegetative growth.
• The macronucleus begins as a copy of the micronucleus.
• They are unusual among eukaryotes in that reproduction involves a micronucleus and a macronucleus.
• There is apparently little, if any, DNA damage in the new macronucleus.
• The macronucleus controls non-reproductive cell functions, expressing the genes needed for daily functioning.
• During reproduction, the macronucleus splits by a type of amitosis, and the micronuclei undergo mitosis.
• Ciliates contain two types of nuclei : somatic " macronucleus " and the germline " micronucleus ".
• The cell then divides transversally, and each new cell obtains a copy of the micronucleus and the macronucleus.
• Like all ciliates, " Paramecia " have a polyploid macronucleus, and one or more micronuclei.
• It can be distinguished by having a globular macronucleus surrounded by many refractive granules and a big preoral dome.
• Known functions include : transporting phagosomes to the nucleus and perturbing the developmentally regulated elimination of the macronucleus during conjugation.
• Because the macronucleus divides amitotically during binary fission, these minichromosomes are un-equally divided between the clonal daughter cells.
• The macronucleus is long, and may be curved, horseshoe-shaped or twisted into a shape resembling a figure eight.
• Division of the macronucleus occurs by amitosis, and the segregation of the chromosomes occurs by a process whose mechanism is unknown.
• On the other hand, only the DNA in the macronucleus is actively expressed and results in the phenotype of the organism.
• The recent sequencing of the macronucleus genome should ensure that " Tetrahymena " will be continuously used as a model system.
• The polyploid nature of the macronucleus refers to the fact that it contains approximately 200 300 autonomously replicating linear DNA mini-chromosomes.
• The larger polyploid macronucleus is transcriptionally active, meaning its genes are actively expressed, and so it controls somatic cell functions during vegetative growth.
• In T . thermophila each of these minichromosomes encodes multiple genes and exists at a copy number of approximately 45-50 within the macronucleus.