micronuclear การใช้

• More than 95 % of micronuclear DNA is eliminated during spirotrich macronuclear development.
• Macronuclear DNA is derived from micronuclear DNA by amazingly extensive DNA rearrangement and amplification.
• The micronuclear chromosomes are fragmented into many smaller pieces and amplified to give many copies.
• In addition, the micronuclear genes are interrupted by numerous " Internal Eliminated Sequences " ( IESs ).
• The meronts are found in a parasitophorous vacuole where they initially undergo micronuclear merogony by budding from the surface of the meront.
• These minichromosomes have their own telomeres and are derived via site-specific fragmentation of the five original micronuclear chromosomes during sexual development.
• During sexual conjugation, haploid micronuclear meiotic products from both parental cells fuse, leading to the creation of a new micro-and macronucleus in progeny cells.
• During either of these processes the micronuclei of the cell ( s ) undergo meiosis, the old macronucleus disintegrates and a new macronucleus is formed by replication of the micronuclear DNA that had recently undergone meiosis.
• They are defined as sections of DNA removed from the diploid micronuclear genome during which a copy of the micronuclear genome is converted to the macronuclear genome even though errors occur in which an IES sequence may not be deleted.
• They are defined as sections of DNA removed from the diploid micronuclear genome during which a copy of the micronuclear genome is converted to the macronuclear genome even though errors occur in which an IES sequence may not be deleted.
• The micronucleus genome contains five chromosomes that undergo mitosis during micronuclear division and meiosis during life cycle during conjugation, allowing it to be site-specific, and a new macronucleus differentiates from a mitotic descendant of the conjugated micronucleus.
• During development of the macronucleus, IESs are deleted and the remaining gene segments, Macronuclear Destined Sequences ( MDSs ), are spliced together to give the operational gene . " Tetrahymena " has about 6000 IESs and about 15 % of micronuclear DNA is eliminated during this process.