nitrosourea การใช้

• Chemically it is a nitrosourea derivative.
• "' Fotemustine "'is a nitrosourea alkylating agent approved for use in the treatment of metastasising melanoma.
• Nitrosourea compounds are DNA lipophilic and thus can cross the blood brain barrier, making them useful in the treatment of brain tumors such as glioblastoma multiforme.
• Takahashi used forward mutagenesis screening of mice treated with N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea to create and identify mutations in key genes that broadly affect circadian activity.
• Others on the list range from such well known substances as asbestos, cigarette smoke, coal tar and benzene to such obscure chemicals as 1-( 2-Chloroethyl )-3-( 4-methylcyclohexyl )-1-nitrosourea and thiotepa.
• To overcome this problem, a new mutagen, " N "-ethyl " N "-nitrosourea ( ENU ), an alkylating agent, which does not need to be metabolised, was suggested to be used by Ekkehart Vegel to Russell et al.
• These medicinal drugs can include gold and nitrofurantoin, as well as the following drugs used in chemotherapy for cancer : Methotrexate, the taxanes ( paclitaxel and docetaxel ), gemcitabine, bleomycin, mitomycin C, busulfan, cyclophosphamide, chlorambucil, and nitrosourea ( e . g ., carmustine ).
• Proof-of-concept work has been done with microfluidics, in which continuous point-of-use synthesis from N-methyl-N-nitrosourea and 0.93M potassium hydroxide in water was followed by point-of-use conversion with benzoic acid, resulting in a 65 % yield of the methyl benzoate ester within seconds at temperatures ranging from 0-50 C . The yield was better than under capillary conditions; the microfluidics were credited with " suppression of hot spots, low holdup, isothermal conditions, and intensive mixing ."