pericyte การใช้

• If this pathway is blocked, it leads to pericyte deficiency.
• Paracrine activity and oxygen availability have been shown to also modulate pericyte activity.
• Inhibiting the PDGF pathway leads to pericyte deficiency.
• Immature vessels remain dependent on continuous exposure the angiogenic growth factors without pericyte coverage.
• Lastly the vessel establishes a pericyte layer.
• Experiments have demonstrated that oxygen levels also alter pericyte contraction and subsequent blood vessel contraction.
• This destabilizes the endothelial cells, which accounts for less endothelial cell and pericyte interaction.
• This occurrence causes pericyte deficiency around the vessels, leading to a defect in maturation.
• In vitro, high oxygen concentrations cause pericyte constriction, while high CO concentrations cause relaxation.
• This is important for pericyte differentiation.
• Pericyte cells can contract and decrease the size of the arterioles and thereby regulate blood flow and blood pressure.
• Sphingosine-1-phosphate ( S1P ) signaling also aides in pericyte recruitment by communication through G protein-coupled receptors.
• Significantly greater hypoxia was reported in the hippocampus of pericyte-deficient mice as well as inflammation, and learning and memory impairment.
• Immunohistochemical studies of human tissue from Alzheimer's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis show pericyte loss and breakdown of the blood-brain barrier.
• Over time, pericyte death may result in reduced capillary integrity; subsequently, there is leaking of albumin and other proteins into fluid compartments.
• In a study involving adult pericyte-deficient mice, cerebral blood flow was diminished with concurrent vascular regression due to loss of both endothelia and pericytes.
• In animal models with lower pericyte coverage, trafficking of molecules across endothelial cells occurs at a higher frequency, allowing proteins into the brain that would normally be excluded.
• The vascular markers CD 31, von Willebrand factor ( vWF ), and smooth muscle actin ( pericyte marker ) are present during the proliferating and involuting phases, but are lost after the lesion is fully involuted.
• Other research reports have referred to drug therapy of brain tumors, surgical anatomy of the optic nerve region, surgical approaches to the pineal region, management of midline tumors, nerve tissue ultrastructure, blood-brain barrier and pericyte-endothelial gap-junctions.
• Pericyte-deficient mouse models ( which lack genes encoding steps in the PDGFB : PDGFRB signalling cascade ) and have an Alzheimer's-causing mutation have exacerbated Alzheimer's-like pathology compared to mice with normal pericyte coverage and an Alzheimer's-causing mutation.