plesiosauria การใช้

• Neoplesiosauria very likely is materially identical to Plesiosauria " sensu"
• It is based on the holotype pistosaurid, or closer to Plesiosauria.
• In 1835, Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville named the order Plesiosauria itself.
• A possible explanation is an increased competition by sharks, Teleostei and the first Plesiosauria.
• The latest common ancestor of the Plesiosauria was probably a rather small short-necked form.
• Several groups of Mesozoic marine reptiles also exhibited viviparity, such as mosasaurs, ichthyosaurs, and Sauropterygia, a group that include pachypleurosaurs and Plesiosauria.
• During the Triassic their natural enemies mainly consisted of sharks and other ichthyosaurs; in the Jurassic these were joined by large Plesiosauria and marine Crocodylomorpha.
• The following cladogram follows an analysis by Benson et al ., 2012, and shows the placement of " Plesiosaurus " within Plesiosauria.
• The two types are related to the traditional strict division of the Plesiosauria into two suborders, the long-necked Plesiosauroidea and the short-neck Pliosauroidea.
• The term " plesiosaur " is properly used to refer to the Plesiosauria as a whole, but informally it is sometimes meant to indicate only the long-necked forms, the old Plesiosauroidea.
• The extinction of many large diapsid groups such as non-avian dinosaurs, Plesiosauria and Pterosauria allowed the mammals and birds to greatly diversify and be the predominant fauna, even to the present day.
• The exact phylogenetic position of " Hauffiosaurus " within the Plesiosauria has yet to be resolved, though Vincent ( 2011 ) states that it may " reasonably be placed within the Pliosauroidea ".
• They were particularly abundant in the later Triassic and early Jurassic Period, until they were replaced as the top aquatic predators by another marine reptilian group, the Plesiosauria, in the later Jurassic and Cretaceous Period.
• The many recent discoveries have tested these hypotheses and given rise to new ones, such as the [ hominid ] emergence theory that the complex brain of hominid progenitor mammals owes many incremental evolutions to changes first observed in Plesiosauria.
• Plesiosauria was in 2010 by Hillary Ketchum and Roger Benson defined as such a stem-based taxon : " all taxa more closely related to " Plesiosaurus dolichodeirus " and " Pliosaurus brachydeirus " than to " Augustasaurus hagdorni " ".
• It was so-named ( " near lizard " ) by William Conybeare and Henry De la Beche, to indicate that it was more like a normal reptile than " Ichthyosaurus ", which had been found in the same rock strata just a few years earlier . " Plesiosaurus " is the archetypical genus of Plesiosauria and the first to be described, hence lending its name to the order.
• Other extinct taxa on which he has published include the Ypresian crocodilian " Dyrosaurus phosphaticus ", thalattosuchian crocodilians, the Triassic presumed ichthyosaur " Omphalosaurus nisseri ", other ichthyosaurs, the Permian diapsid " Claudiosaurus germaini ", champsosaurids, the placodont " Placodus ", Plesiosauria, the early snakes " Carentonosaurus mineaui " among reptiles, and early cetaceans and sirenians among mammals.