pneumaticity การใช้

• Pneumaticity is limited to the neck and foremost back vertebrae, however.
• Features include not only extensive basicranial pneumaticity, but also the development of a basisphenoid bulla.
• These characters can be interpreted as possibly homologous with features that represent unambiguously skeletal pneumaticity in theropods.
• The hyoid of " Alouatta " is pneumatized, one of the few cases of postcranial pneumaticity outside Saurischia.
• It is known only from a series of small vertebrae, with prominent hollow chambers ( " pneumaticity " ).
• Vertebral Pneumaticity in the Ornithomimosaur Archaeornithomimus ( Dinosauria : Theropoda ) Revealed by Computed Tomography Imaging and Reappraisal of Axial Pneumaticity in Ornithomimosauria
• Vertebral Pneumaticity in the Ornithomimosaur Archaeornithomimus ( Dinosauria : Theropoda ) Revealed by Computed Tomography Imaging and Reappraisal of Axial Pneumaticity in Ornithomimosauria
• Evidence for the avian system in " Apatosaurus " and other sauropods is also present in the pneumaticity of the vertebrae.
• Flightless birds, such as ostriches and emus, demonstrate osseous pneumaticity, possessing pneumatized femurs and, in the case of the emu, pneumatized cervical vertebrae.
• The genus name " Pneumatoraptor " refers to the pneumaticity of the bone, the hollow spaces that would have been filled with air sacs in life.
• Other features which are typically thought to be associated with skeletal pneumaticity, are also present in " Guchengosuchus ", " Erythrosuchus ", and in several archosaurs.
• Scientists have debated as to how sauropods were able to breathe with their large body sizes and long necks, which would have increased the amount of pneumaticity, which could have played a role in respiration as it does in birds.
• At the upper and front part of the process they are large and irregular and contain air ( a form of skeletal pneumaticity ), but toward the lower part they diminish in size, while those at the apex of the process are frequently quite small and contain marrow; occasionally they are entirely absent, and the mastoid is then solid throughout.