pneumatophore การใช้

• The pneumatophore forms at the opposite end to the mouth.
• Unlike other mangrove species, it does not grow on pneumatophores that allow its roots to breathe even when submerged.
• These root extensions are called pneumatophores, and are present, among others, in black mangrove and pond cypress.
• These structures were initially thought to function as pneumatophores, but recent experiments have failed to find evidence for this hypothesis.
• Now the question is why are this pneumatophores even form when the shoot of all these plants have arrangements to respirate quite efficiently?
• The four types of pneumatophores are stilt or prop type, snorkel or peg type, knee type, and ribbon or plank type.
• Many trees have buttresses and stilt roots for support in the unstable substrate, and pneumatophores and hoop roots and knee roots to facilitate gas exchange.
• Despite the fact that there is no expert consensus on their role, the supposition that they are pneumatophores is repeated without note in several introductory botany textbooks.
• However, since saline soil is largely anaerobic it becomes impossible for the roots to do gaseous exchange through soil and hence form pneumatophores that can absorb oxygen directly from air.
• Various species have adapted to swampy conditions by growing pneumatophores, roots that grow upward, that project above the levels of periodic floods that drown competing plants which lack such adaptations.
• The tree is also sometimes known as "'cork tree "', because fishermen in some areas make fishing net floats by shaping the pneumatophores into small floats.
• Like the related genus " Taxodium ", it produces'cypress knees', or pneumatophores, when growing in water, thought to help transport oxygen to the roots.
• One early assumption of their function was that they provided oxygen to the roots that grow in the low dissolved oxygen ( DO ) waters typical of a swamp, acting as pneumatophores : mangroves have similar adaptations.
• The male ( pollen ) cones are produced in pendulous racemes, and shed their pollen in early spring . " Taxodium " species grow pneumatophores, or cypress roots, when growing in or beside water; these are woody projections which rise above the water and are said to help carry oxygen to the root systems.
• Most importantly, mangroves are a transition from the marine to freshwater and terrestrial systems, and provide critical habitat for numerous species of small fish, crabs, shrimps and other crustaceans that adapt to feed and shelter, and reproduce among the tangled mass of roots, known as pneumatophores, which grow upward from the anaerobic mud to get the supply of oxygen.