proviral การใช้

• The antibody reduces HTLV-1 proviral load and production of proinflammatory cytokines.
• Unfortunately, HIV in proviral latency is nearly impossible to target with antiretroviral drugs.
• A further combination of valproic acid and zidovudine has demonstrated a decrease in proviral loads ( in animals ).
• The research conducted on " Cortesia congregata " shows that the viral genome contains one to three proviral segments.
• Valproic acid has also succeeded in reducing the proviral load of HTLV-1 ( though clinical benefits were minimal or none ).
• Engagement of CD81 lowers the signaling threshold required to trigger T-Cell \ CD3 mediated proviral DNA in CD4 + T cells.
• One year post-transplant, she has had no recurrence of any symptoms, and furthermore has had a decrease in her proviral load.
• Mechanisms such as DNA methylation and histone modification seem to play important roles in the suppression provirus transcription, such that proviral activity can be finally silenced.
• Although much less commonly available, nucleic acid testing ( e . g ., viral RNA or proviral DNA amplification method ) can also help diagnosis in certain situations.
• In addition to Friend erythroleukemia, proviral integration at the fli-1 locus also occurs in leukemias induced by the 10A1, Graffi, and Cas-Br-E viruses.
• The second replication process occurs when host cellular DNA polymerase replicates the integrated viral DNA . Lastly, RNA polymerase II transcribes the proviral DNA into RNA, which will be packed into virions.
• The deamination activity ultimately results in G?! A hypermutations at  hot spots of the proviral DNA . Such hypermutation ultimately destroys the coding and replicative capacity of the virus, resulting in many nonviable virions.
• "' PIM2 "'or "'Proviral Integrations of Moloney virus 2 "'is serine / threonine kinase that has roles in cell growth, proliferation, apoptosis, and regulation of signal transduction cascades.
• In the field of HIV research, proviral latency in specific long-lived cell types is the basis for the concept of one or more viral reservoirs, referring to locations ( cell types or tissues ) characterized by persistence of latent virus.
• The interactome of class III ?-tubulin comprises the GTPase GBP1 ( guanylate binding protein 1 ) and a panel of an additional 19 kinases having prosurvival activity including PIM1 ( Proviral Integration Site 1 ) and NEK6 ( NIMA-related kinase 6 ).
• Complementary base-pairing between miR-155-5p and the human SPI1 ( spleen focus forming virus proviral integration oncogene ) ( also known as PU . 1 ) mRNA . The miR-155-5p binding site is located 46-53 base pairs downstream from the SPI1 mRNA stop codon.
• A retrovirus is endogenous to its host once the proviral DNA is inserted into the chromosomal DNA . As a result, mice with endogenous MMTV have the virus s DNA in every cell of its body, as the virus is present in the DNA of the sperm or egg cell from which the animal is conceived.
• The replication of the " Bracovirus " occurs within the ovaries of a parasitic wasps in calyx cells and is maintained by vertical transmission and to go into further detail the packaged genome of dsDNA is replicated inside of the wasp ovaries by development of the sequences of the virus from proviral segments in the tandem arrays in the wasp genome.
• In a study published by the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ( PNAS ), Dr . Khalili and colleagues detail how they created molecular tools to delete the HIV-1 proviral DNA . When deployed, a combination of DNA-snipping enzyme called a nuclease and targeting strand of RNA called a guide RNA ( gRNA ) hunt down the viral genome and excise the HIV-1 DNA . From there, the cell's own gene repair machinery takes over, soldering the loose ends of the genome back together  resulting in virus-free cells.