stylopharyngeus การใช้

• The stylopharyngeus muscle is considered by many to be one of the strap muscles, but is not an infrahyoid muscle.
• The branchial motor component of CN IX provides voluntary control of the stylopharyngeus muscle, which elevates the pharynx during swallowing and speech.
• Upon exiting the skull the branchial motor fibers descend deep to the temporal styloid process and wrap around the posterior border of the stylopharyngeus muscle before innervating it.
• The pharyngeal trunk usually consists of several branches which supply the middle and inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscles and the stylopharyngeus, ramifying in their substance and in the mucous membranes lining them.
• They are innervated by the pharyngeal branch of the Vagus nerve ( CN X ) with the exception of the stylopharyngeus muscle which is innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve ( CN IX ).
• It is the smallest branch of the external carotid and is a long, slender vessel, deeply seated in the neck, beneath the other branches of the external carotid and under the stylopharyngeus muscle.
• The motor fibers'origin is the medulla oblongata, and they terminate at the parotid salivary gland, the glands of the posterior tongue, and the stylopharyngeus muscle ( which dilates the pharynx during swallowing ).
• Higher up, it is separated from the external carotid by the styloglossus and stylopharyngeus muscles, the tip of the styloid process and the stylohyoid ligament, the glossopharyngeal nerve and the pharyngeal branch of the vagus nerve.
• The pharynx is pulled upwards and forwards by the suprahyoid and longitudinal pharyngeal muscles  stylopharyngeus ( IX ), salpingopharyngeus ( pharyngeal plexus IX, X ) and palatopharyngeus ( pharyngeal plexus IX, X ) to receive the bolus.
• Signals for the voluntary movement of stylopharyngeus muscle originate in the pre-motor and motor cortex ( in association with other cortical areas ) and pass via the corticobulbar tract in the genu of the internal capsule to synapse bilaterally on the ambiguus nuclei in the medulla.
• Posterior to it, near its origin, is the superior laryngeal nerve; and higher up, it is separated from the internal carotid by the Styloglossus and Stylopharyngeus, the glossopharyngeal nerve, the pharyngeal branch of the vagus, and part of the parotid gland.
• Passing laterally and downward behind the palatine tonsil, the palatopharyngeus joins the stylopharyngeus and is inserted with that muscle into the posterior border of the thyroid cartilage, some of its fibers being lost on the side of the pharynx and others passing across the middle line posteriorly to decussate with the muscle of the opposite side.
• The fascia itself is made of two layers : A superficial layer ( lat . " Lamina superficalis " ) that passes cranial into the temporal fascia and lateral into the masseteric fascia, and a deeper layer ( lat . " Lamina profunda " ) that covers the Stylohyoid muscle, the styloglossus and the Musculus stylopharyngeus.
• This vessel lies here in front of, and superficial to, the external carotid, being crossed by the facial nerve, and gives off in its course the posterior auricular, superficial temporal, and internal maxillary branches : more deeply are the internal carotid, the internal jugular vein, and the vagus nerve, separated from the external carotid by the Styloglossus and Stylopharyngeus, and the hypoglossal nerve
• From the plexus, branches are distributed to the muscles and mucous membrane of the pharynx ( except the stylopharyngeus, which is innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve ( CN IX ) ) and the muscles of the soft palate, except the Tensor veli palatini, which is supplied by the nerve to tensor veli palatini, a branch of the nerve to medial pterygoid ( which itself is a branch of the mandibular nerve-CNV / 3 ).