takelma การใช้

• Linguists Edward Sapir and John Peabody Harrington worked with Takelma descendants.
• The Takelma who survived were sent to reservations in 1856.
• The Takelma lived in small bands of related men and their families.
• They belong to three language families : Athabaskan, Takelma, and Shastan.
• They recorded little about the Takelma, beyond documenting their own perspective on conflicts.
• Ancient Takelma speaking people were the first to make their home in Rogue River valley.
• The Takelma cultivated only one crop, a native tobacco ( " Nicotiana biglovii " ).
• The limiting factor in the Takelma diet was carbohydrates, since fish and game provided abundant fat and protein.
• To get the carbohydrates and vitamins needed for good health, the Takelma collected a variety of plant foods.
• With the arrival of the European settlers in the 1850s, the Latgawa and Takelma began to lose their homeland.
• The Takelma spent many years in exile before anthropologists began to interview them and record information about their language and lifeways.
• Takelma was once considered part of a Takelma-Kalapuyan language family together with the Kalapuyan languages ( Swadesh 1965 ).
• Takelma was once considered part of a Takelma-Kalapuyan language family together with the Kalapuyan languages ( Swadesh 1965 ).
• However, Takelma is commonly proposed as part of the Penutian super-family, as first suggested by Edward Sapir.
• Takelma has a complex system of verbal pronominal suffixes and is also accompanied by the loss of case markers on nouns.
• Despite being two culturally distinct peoples, the outsider Willamette settlers didn't recognize many distinctions between Takelma and Shasta.
• Much less is known about the lifeways of the Takelma Indians than about their neighbors in other parts of Oregon and northern California.
• It was first extensively described by Edward Sapir in his graduate thesis, " The Takelma Language of Southwestern Oregon ".
• The last fluent speaker of Takelma, with whom Sapir worked while writing about the language, was Frances Johnson ( Gw韘gwash鉵 ).
• She previously served in the US Navy as USS " Takelma " ( ATF-113 ) from 1944 to 1976.