hydroxylate การใช้

• Notably, perfluoroalkyloxaziridines hydroxylate certain C-H bonds with high selectivity.
• Some bacteria are able to hydroxylate biphenyl and its polychlorinated biphenyls ( PCBs ).
• The demethylation occurs when JmjC utilizes multiple cofactors to hydroxylate the methyl group, thereby removing it.
• Like all other cytochrome P450s, cholesterol-24 hydroxylase utilizes an oxyferryl intermediate to hydroxylate cholesterol.
• Instead of reversibly binding oxygen, these proteins hydroxylate substrates, illustrated by their role in the formation of lacquers.
• In order to hydroxylate L-tryptophan, the cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin ( THB ) must first react with oxygen and the active site iron of tryptophan hydroxylase.
• Tryptophan is a poor substrate for tyrosine hydroxylase, however it can hydroxylate L-phenylalanine to form L-tyrosine and small amounts of 3-hydroxyphenylalanine.
• Theoretically, this method would 4-hydroxylate and 4-phosphoryloxylate any tryptamine added to the substrate, opening the possibility of synthesizing as yet undiscovered tryptamines.
• PHDs rely on iron among other molecules to hydroxylate HIF1A; as such, iron chelators such as desferrioxamine ( DFO ) have proven successful in HIF1A stabilization.
• Two of the main metabolites must be the 3-hydroxylate or the substance with only a hydrogen atom at the 3-position of the molecule structure.
• The cytochrome is also able to hydroxylate short-chain and 3-hydroxylated medium chain fatty acidss by attaching a hydroxyl residue to their terminal carbon by omega oxidation in a reaction that may be critical to the processing of these fatty acids.
• These are luciferases, which are used by bioluminescent animals and bacteria to produce light, and cytochrome P450, which is a group of heme proteins that hydroxylate a diverse group of compounds, including fatty acids, steroids, and xenobiotics such as phenobarbital.
• In order to that the resulting main metabolite could probably be ethyl-7-cloro-5-( 2-fluorophenyl )-1-methylcarbamate )-2-oxo-3H-1, 4-benzodiazepine-3-hydroxylate ( and the 3-OH instead of the 3H metabolite ).
• Once formed, the Fe ( II )-O-O-BH 4 bridge is broken through heterolytic cleavage of the O-O bond to Fe ( IV ) = O and 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin; thus, molecular oxygen is the source of both oxygen atoms used to hydroxylate the pterin ring and phenylalanine.
• Members of the CYP4A and CYP4F sub-families may also ?-hydroxylate and thereby reduce the activity of various fatty acid metabolites of arachidonic acid including LTB4, 5-HETE, 5-oxo-eicosatetraenoic acid, 12-HETE, and several prostaglandins that are involved in regulating various inflammatory, vascular, and other responses in animals and humans.
• Members of the CYP4A and CYP4F sub-families and CYPU21 may also ?-hydroxylate and thereby reduce the activity of various fatty acid metabolites of arachidonic acid including LTB4, 5-HETE, 5-oxo-eicosatetraenoic acid, 12-HETE, and several prostaglandins that are involved in regulating various inflammatory, vascular, and other responses in animals and humans.
• CYPU21 along with members of the CYP4A and CYP4F sub-families also ?-hydroxylate and thereby reduce the activity of various fatty acid metabolites of arachidonic acid including LTB4, 5-HETE, 5-oxo-eicosatetraenoic acid, 12-HETE, and several prostaglandins that are involved in regulating various inflammatory, vascular, and other responses in animals and humans.
• In this, it was thought to resemble the classic Cannizzaro reaction mechanism, in which the attack of a hydroxylate on an aldehyde renders it into a tetravalent alcohol anion; this anion donates its hydrogens to a second aldehyde, forming a carboxylic acid and an alcohol . ( In effect, two identical aldehydes reduce and oxidize each other, leaving the net oxidation state the same .)
• The cytochrome ?-oxidases including those belonging to the CYP4A and CYP4F sub-families and CYPU21 also ?-hydroxylate and thereby reduce the activity of various fatty acid metabolites of arachidonic acid including LTB4, 5-HETE, 5-oxo-eicosatetraenoic acid, 12-HETE, and several prostaglandins that are involved in regulating various inflammatory, vascular, and other responses in animals and humans.
• This occurs through the induction of specific genes via phosphorylation of the transcription factor CREB by PKA . Though ERKs do not appear to be a requirement for this phosphorylation of CREB, the MAPK pathway does play into crosstalk again, as ERKs are required to phosphorylate proteins downstream of CREB . Other known examples of the requirement of ERKs for cAMP-induced transcriptional effects include induction of the prolactin gene in pituitary cells, and of the dopamine beta-hydroxylate gene in pheochromocytomal cells ( PC12 ).