opsonize การใช้

• The alternative pathway is one of three complement pathways that opsonize and kill pathogens.
• In primates, CR1 serves as the main system for processing and clearance of complement opsonized immune complexes.
• During this process, the pathogen is opsonized and bound with the antibody IgG via its Fab domain.
• FcRn is expressed on antigen-presenting leukocytes like dendritic cells and is also expressed in neutrophils to help clear opsonized bacteria.
• Fc binds to various cell opsonized particles; cell lysis; degranulation of mast cells, basophils, and eosinophils; and other processes ).
• It interacts with IgA-opsonized targets and triggers several immunologic defense processes, including phagocytosis, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, and stimulation of the release of inflammatory mediators.
• For example, phagocytosis of IgG-opsonized pathogens occurs through the Fc? receptors ( Fc?R ), and involves phagocyte extensions around the microbe, resulting in the production of pro-inflammatory mediators.
• This process removes some components of the BALF that participate in opsonization, and it is postulated that this might enhance the toxicity of particles with a surface chemistry that is capable of selectively removing opsonizing components.
• The Th1 response is characterized by the production of Interferon-gamma, which activates the bactericidal activities of macrophages, and induces B cells to make opsonizing ( coating ) and complement-fixing antibodies, and leads to " cell-mediated immunity ".