transplacental การใช้

• Whatever the route, maternal viremia seems a likely prerequisite for transplacental infection.
• CB4 virus has caused transplacental infections in mice.
• These infants can have hepatosplenomegaly and thrombocytopaenia, very much like cases of transplacental viral infection.
• Its presence intracellularly in phagocytic cells also permits access to the brain and probably transplacental migration to the fetus in pregnant women.
• Her research interest is in the transplacental transmission of Lyme disease and she is the author of many peer-reviewed articles.
• These proteins appear to be inactive protease inhibitors and may function during pregnancy to regulate immune function or participate in transplacental transport.
• "' Congenital malaria "'is an extremely rare condition which occurs due to transplacental transmission of maternal infection.
• Authors demonstrated for the first time that transplacental transfer of polybrominated flame retardants was associated with the development of children at school age.
• This may result from transplacental transfer of circulating maternal anti-thyroid drugs, pituitary-thyroid axis suppression from transfer of maternal thyroxine.
• Transplacental transmission ( passage from mother to offspring during pregnancy ) has also been shown to occur in dogs, cats, sheep and cattle.
• All utilize canids as definitive hosts : transplacental infection has also been reported . " S . neurona " causes equine protozoal myeloencephalitis.
• The primary effect on the fetus from transplacental passage of PTU is the production of a mild hypothyroidism when the drug is used close to term.
• Anti-K can also occur following transplacental hemorrhage ( TPH ) associated with childbirth making Kell an important concern for hemolytic disease of the newborn.
• Uncontrolled and inadequately treated maternal hyperthyroidism may also result in fetal and neonatal hyperthyroidism due to the transplacental transfer of stimulatory TSH receptor antibodies ( TRAbs ).
• The mechanism of transplacental infection has been investigated by using IF microscopy to identify infected cells in maternal and fetal tissues at progressively longer intervals after maternal oronasal exposure.
• It seems undeniable that transplacental mumps infection had been in the past the major cause of EFE, and that immunization was indeed the cause of EFE having become rare.
• In the United States, approximately 3, 500 pregnant women have a malignancy annually, and transplacental transmission of acute leukemia, lymphoma, melanoma and carcinoma from mother to fetus has been observed.
• The first scenario for the mare's exposure occurs if she is bred to a stallion of incompatible blood group, and during foaling receives the foal's red blood cells into her circulation due to transplacental hemorrhage.
• Low levels of antibody found to be protective allow speculation that, once the immune system has been primed with PPV, subsequent exposure to virulent virus during gestation is unlikely to result in transplacental infection even if antibody from vaccination is no longer detected.
• Identified methods of transmission include blood ( blood transfusion, now rare ), unsanitary tattoos, sexually ( through sexual intercourse or through contact with blood or bodily fluids ), or via mother to child by breast feeding ( minimal evidence of transplacental crossing ).